使用 DISM 与 PowerShell 管理 Windows 功能与映像

概述Section titled “概述”

本文并行讲解 DISM（Deployment Image Servicing and Management） 与 PowerShell（DISM API 的封装），按主题整理常用操作、关键选项与可复制的执行示例。

变量记法Section titled “变量记法”

变量示例说明<>C:\mount 或 E:\Windows供 /Image: 指定的离线 Windows 路径（已挂载目录或其他磁盘上的 Windows 目录）<>NetFx3Windows 功能名<>OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0OS 扩展功能名（FoD：按需功能）<>D:\sources\install.wimWIM/ESD 镜像文件<>1镜像索引号<>C:\mount挂载点<>D:\drivers含 INF 的驱动目录<>C:\Updates\kb5005565.cab更新包文件<>C:\LP\ja-jp\lp.cab语言包 CAB<>D:\sources\sxs源文件路径（如 NetFx3）<>C:\展开目标<>C:\Temp\Scratch工作目录<>C:\Temp\dism.log日志输出路径

几乎所有命令均可叠加 /ScratchDir:<> 与 /LogPath:<>。

步骤 1：目标指定（/Online 或 /Image）Section titled “步骤 1：目标指定（/Online 或 /Image）”

大多数 DISM 命令需显式指定操作目标。

选项含义示例/Online作用于当前运行的 Windowsdism /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth/Image:<>作用于离线 Windows 或已挂载映像dism /Image:C:\mount /Add-Driver /Driver:D:\drivers /Recurse

步骤 2：查看 Windows 功能（/Get-Features, /Get-FeatureInfo）Section titled “步骤 2：查看 Windows 功能（/Get-Features, /Get-FeatureInfo）”

说明Section titled “说明”

获取可用功能列表及其状态（Enabled / Disabled / DisabledWithPayloadRemoved）。

关键选项Section titled “关键选项”

选项含义示例/Online当前系统dism /Online /Get-Features/Image:<>离线系统dism /Image:C:\mount /Get-Features/Get-Features列出功能dism /Online /Get-Features /Format:Table/Get-FeatureInfo查看指定功能详情dism /Online /Get-FeatureInfo /FeatureName:NetFx3/FeatureName:<>功能名NetFx3/Format:Table表格输出dism /Online /Get-Features /Format:Table

示例Section titled “示例”

Terminal window# 列出所有功能与状态dism /Online /Get-Features /Format:Table

# 查看 NetFx3 详情dism /Online /Get-FeatureInfo /FeatureName:NetFx3

若状态为 DisabledWithPayloadRemoved，说明功能文件已移除，必须提供 /Source。

步骤 3：启用/禁用功能（/Enable-Feature, /Disable-Feature）Section titled “步骤 3：启用/禁用功能（/Enable-Feature, /Disable-Feature）”

说明Section titled “说明”

启用或禁用 .NET Framework 3.5、SMB 1.0 等系统功能。

关键选项Section titled “关键选项”

选项含义示例/Online当前系统dism /Online /Enable-Feature /FeatureName:NetFx3/FeatureName:<>功能名NetFx3/All同时启用依赖项/Source:<>提供缺失负载的源路径dism /Online /Enable-Feature /FeatureName:NetFx3 /Source:D:\sources\sxs/LimitAccess不使用 WU/WSUS/Enable-Feature启用功能dism /Online /Enable-Feature /FeatureName:SMB1Protocol/Disable-Feature禁用功能dism /Online /Disable-Feature /FeatureName:SMB1Protocol/LogPath:<>日志路径

示例Section titled “示例”

Terminal window# 启用 .NET Framework 3.5（使用本地介质，无需联网）dism /Online /Enable-Feature /FeatureName:NetFx3 /All /LimitAccess /Source:<> /LogPath:<>

# 禁用 SMB1 以提升安全性dism /Online /Disable-Feature /FeatureName:SMB1Protocol /LogPath:<>

步骤 4：查看 Capabilities（/Get-Capabilities, /Get-CapabilityInfo）Section titled “步骤 4：查看 Capabilities（/Get-Capabilities, /Get-CapabilityInfo）”

说明Section titled “说明”

查看 FoD（按需功能）组件列表与状态，例如 RSAT、OpenSSH.Client、Language.Basic 等。

关键选项Section titled “关键选项”

选项含义示例/Online当前系统dism /Online /Get-Capabilities/Image:<>离线系统dism /Image:C:\mount /Get-Capabilities/Get-Capabilities列出 capabilitiesdism /Online /Get-Capabilities /Format:Table/Get-CapabilityInfocapability 详情dism /Online /Get-CapabilityInfo /CapabilityName:OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0/Format:Table表格输出dism /Online /Get-Capabilities /Format:Table

示例Section titled “示例”

Terminal window# 列出全部 FoDdism /Online /Get-Capabilities /Format:Table

# 查看指定 capability 的详情dism /Online /Get-CapabilityInfo /CapabilityName:<>

Capabilities 可通过 Windows Update、WSUS、FoD ISO/共享等来源添加。

步骤 5：添加/删除 Capabilities（/Add-Capability, /Remove-Capability）Section titled “步骤 5：添加/删除 Capabilities（/Add-Capability, /Remove-Capability）”

说明Section titled “说明”

为系统添加或移除 OpenSSH、RSAT 等 FoD。

关键选项Section titled “关键选项”

选项含义示例/Online当前系统dism /Online /Add-Capability/CapabilityName:<>目标 capabilityOpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0/Source:<>FoD ISO 或共享路径dism /Online /Add-Capability /CapabilityName:OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0 /Source:D:\ /LimitAccess/LimitAccess仅用指定源，不访问 WU/WSUS/LogPath:<>日志路径

示例Section titled “示例”

Terminal window# 添加 OpenSSH.Clientdism /Online /Add-Capability /CapabilityName:<> /LogPath:<>

# 删除不需要的 RSAT 组件dism /Online /Remove-Capability /CapabilityName:<> /LogPath:<>

步骤 6：映像修复与组件存储管理（/Cleanup-Image）Section titled “步骤 6：映像修复与组件存储管理（/Cleanup-Image）”

说明Section titled “说明”

检测与修复 WinSxS（组件存储）损坏，并优化占用。

关键选项Section titled “关键选项”

选项含义示例/Online当前系统dism /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth/CheckHealth快速检查/ScanHealth全面扫描/RestoreHealth进行修复dism /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth/Source:<>修复所需源/LimitAccess不访问 WU/StartComponentCleanup清理旧更新/ResetBase固化当前更新（不可回退）/AnalyzeComponentStore分析组件存储大小

示例Section titled “示例”

Terminal window# 快速检查dism /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth

# 深度扫描dism /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth

# 指定源进行修复dism /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:<> /LimitAccess /LogPath:<>

# 清理与固化dism /Online /Cleanup-Image /StartComponentCleanup /ResetBase /LogPath:<>

步骤 7：查看镜像信息（/Get-ImageInfo）Section titled “步骤 7：查看镜像信息（/Get-ImageInfo）”

关键选项Section titled “关键选项”

选项含义示例/Get-ImageInfo查看 WIM/ESD 内镜像信息dism /Get-ImageInfo /ImageFile:install.wim/ImageFile:<>目标 WIM 文件/Index:<>指定索引/LogPath:<>日志路径

示例Section titled “示例”

Terminal window# 查看 install.wim 的版本与索引dism /Get-ImageInfo /ImageFile:<> /LogPath:<>

步骤 8：离线映像挂载与卸载Section titled “步骤 8：离线映像挂载与卸载”

关键选项Section titled “关键选项”

选项含义示例/Mount-Wim挂载 WIM/WimFile:<>源 WIM 文件/Index:<>目标索引/MountDir:<>挂载点/ReadOnly只读挂载/Get-MountedWimInfo查看挂载状态/Unmount-Wim卸载/Commit保存变更/Discard放弃变更

示例Section titled “示例”

Terminal window# 挂载以便修改dism /Mount-Wim /WimFile:<> /Index:<> /MountDir:<>

# 查看挂载状态dism /Get-MountedWimInfo

# 保存并卸载dism /Unmount-Wim /MountDir:<> /Commit

步骤 9：集成驱动、更新包与语言包Section titled “步骤 9：集成驱动、更新包与语言包”

关键选项Section titled “关键选项”

选项含义示例/Online当前系统/Image:<>离线映像/Add-Driver添加驱动/Driver:<>INF 目录/Recurse递归子目录/Add-Package添加更新/语言包/PackagePath:<>包路径/Set-AllIntl:ja-JP设置区域与语言

补充：

/Add-Driver 仅适用于离线。

/Add-Package 与 /Set-AllIntl 可用于在线与离线。

示例Section titled “示例”

Terminal window# 集成驱动dism /Image:<> /Add-Driver /Driver:<> /Recurse

# 集成更新dism /Image:<> /Add-Package /PackagePath:<>

# 添加语言包并设置区域dism /Image:<> /Add-Package /PackagePath:<>dism /Image:<> /Set-AllIntl:ja-JP

步骤 10：捕获、导出与应用映像Section titled “步骤 10：捕获、导出与应用映像”

关键选项Section titled “关键选项”

选项含义示例/Capture-Image将目录捕获为 WIM/ImageFile:<>输出 WIM 路径/CaptureDir:<>源目录/Name:"<名称>"镜像名称/Export-Image重新导出/压缩 WIM/Apply-Image应用 WIM/Compress:max最大压缩/ApplyDir:<>目标目录

示例Section titled “示例”

Terminal window# 捕获当前系统为自定义 WIMdism /Capture-Image /ImageFile:D:\Custom.wim /CaptureDir:<> /Name:"Custom Image"

# 最大压缩导出dism /Export-Image /SourceImageFile:<> /SourceIndex:<> /DestinationImageFile:D:\install_compressed.wim /Compress:max

# 应用镜像dism /Apply-Image /ImageFile:<> /Index:<> /ApplyDir:<>

步骤 11：PowerShell 对应命令Section titled “步骤 11：PowerShell 对应命令”

对照速查Section titled “对照速查”

范畴DISMPowerShell目的查看功能/Get-Features, /Get-FeatureInfoGet-WindowsOptionalFeature列表/详情启用/禁用功能/Enable-Feature, /Disable-FeatureEnable-WindowsOptionalFeature, Disable-WindowsOptionalFeature管理功能查看 capabilities/Get-Capabilities, /Get-CapabilityInfoGet-WindowsCapability列表/详情添加/删除 capabilities/Add-Capability, /Remove-CapabilityAdd-WindowsCapability, Remove-WindowsCapabilityFoD查看/集成包/Get-Packages, /Add-PackageGet-WindowsPackage, Add-WindowsPackage更新/语言包驱动查看/集成/删除/Get-Drivers, /Add-Driver, /Remove-DriverGet-WindowsDriver, Add-WindowsDriver, Remove-WindowsDriver主要离线映像信息/挂载/Get-ImageInfo, /Mount-Wim, /Unmount-WimGet-WindowsImage, Mount-WindowsImage, Dismount-WindowsImageWIM 管理

11.1 功能（Features）Section titled “11.1 功能（Features）”

Get-WindowsOptionalFeature

选项含义示例-Online当前系统Get-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName <>-Path <>离线映像Get-WindowsOptionalFeature -Path <>-FeatureName <>指定功能名-FeatureName NetFx3

Terminal window# 列出（在线）Get-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online

# 查看（离线）Get-WindowsOptionalFeature -Path <> -FeatureName <>

Enable-/Disable-WindowsOptionalFeature

选项含义示例-Online / -Path <>目标选择Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online-FeatureName <>功能名-FeatureName NetFx3-All包含依赖-All-Source <>源路径-Source <>

Terminal window# 启用（含源）Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName NetFx3 -All -Source <>

# 禁用（SMB1）Disable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName SMB1Protocol

11.2 扩展功能（Capabilities）Section titled “11.2 扩展功能（Capabilities）”

Get-WindowsCapability

选项含义示例-Online当前系统Get-WindowsCapability -Online-Name <>支持通配Get-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.*-Path <>离线映像Get-WindowsCapability -Path <>

Terminal window# 全部列表（在线）Get-WindowsCapability -Online

# 指定查询Get-WindowsCapability -Online -Name <>

Add-/Remove-WindowsCapability

选项含义示例-Online / -Path <>目标Add-WindowsCapability -Online-Name <>名称-Name OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0-Source <>FoD 源-Source <>

Terminal window# 添加（在线，必要时指定源）Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name <>

# 移除Remove-WindowsCapability -Online -Name <>

11.3 包（更新与语言包）Section titled “11.3 包（更新与语言包）”

Get-WindowsPackage

选项含义示例-Online / -Path <>目标Get-WindowsPackage -Online-PackagePath <>指定包信息Get-WindowsPackage -Online -PackagePath <>

Terminal window# 已安装包（在线）Get-WindowsPackage -Online

Add-WindowsPackage

选项含义示例-Online / -Path <>目标Add-WindowsPackage -Online -PackagePath <>-PackagePath <>.cab（推荐）/.msu

Terminal window# 集成更新（在线）Add-WindowsPackage -Online -PackagePath <>

# 集成语言包（离线）Add-WindowsPackage -Path <> -PackagePath <>

11.4 驱动Section titled “11.4 驱动”

Get-WindowsDriver

选项含义示例-Online / -Path <>目标Get-WindowsDriver -Path <>-All显示全部驱动-All

Terminal window# 列出离线映像的驱动Get-WindowsDriver -Path <> -All

Add-/Remove-WindowsDriver

选项含义示例-Path <>目标映像Add-WindowsDriver -Path <> -Driver <> -Recurse-Driver <>INF 目录-Recurse递归子目录-Driver <>（Remove）需移除的 INFRemove-WindowsDriver -Path <> -Driver oem1.inf

Terminal window# 添加（离线）Add-WindowsDriver -Path <> -Driver <> -Recurse

# 移除（离线）Remove-WindowsDriver -Path <> -Driver oem1.inf

重要： Add-/Remove-WindowsDriver 不支持 -Online 参数；实际用法为离线集成/移除。

11.5 映像信息与挂载Section titled “11.5 映像信息与挂载”

Get-WindowsImage

选项含义示例-ImagePath <>WIM/ESD 路径Get-WindowsImage -ImagePath <>-Index <>指定索引-Index <>

Terminal window# 列出 install.wim 的全部索引Get-WindowsImage -ImagePath <>

Mount-/Dismount-WindowsImage

选项含义-ImagePath <>源 WIM-Index <>挂载索引-Path <>挂载点-ReadOnly只读挂载-ScratchDirectory <>工作目录-Save（Dismount）保存更改-Discard（Dismount）放弃更改

Terminal window# 挂载Mount-WindowsImage -ImagePath <> -Index <> -Path <>

# 保存并卸载Dismount-WindowsImage -Path <> -Save

总结Section titled “总结”

DISM：低层级管理 OS 组件、WIM、更新与驱动。

PowerShell（DISM API）：等效能力，便于清单化、选择性执行与自动化。

Capabilities（FoD）：按需功能（OpenSSH、RSAT、语言包等）。